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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Suriname
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Country on the northern coast of South
America, on the Atlantic coast, between
Guyana and French Guiana. government The
constitution was suspended in 1980 and in
1982 an interim president took office as head
of state, with ultimate power held by the
army through its commander-in-chief who is
also chair of the Supreme Council, the
country's controlling group. A nominated
31-member national assembly was established
in Jan 1985, consisting of 14 military, 11
trade union, and six business nominees. It
was given 27 months in which to prepare a new
constitution. history For early history, see
American Indian, South America. Founded as a
colony by the English 1650, Suriname became
Dutch in 1667. In 1954, as Dutch Guiana, it
was made an equal member of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands, with internal
self-government. Full independence was
achieved in 1975, with Dr Johan Ferrier as
president and Henck Arron, leader of the
mainly Creole Suriname National Party (NPS),
as prime minister. In 1980 Arron's government
was overthrown in an army coup but President
Ferrier refused to recognize the military
regime and appointed Dr Henk Chin A Sen, of
the Nationalist Republican Party, to head a
civilian administration. Five months later
the army staged another coup and President
Ferrier was replaced by Dr Chin A Sen. The
new president announced details of a draft
constitution which would reduce the army's
role in government, whereupon the army, led
by Lt-Col Desi Bouterse, dismissed Dr Chin A
Sen and set up the Revolutionary People's
Front. There followed months of confusion in
which a state of siege and then martial law
were imposed. In the period Feb 1980-Jan 1983
there were no fewer than six attempted coups
by different army groups. Because of the
chaos, Netherlands and US aid was stopped and
Bouterse turned to Libya and Cuba for
assistance. The partnership between the army,
the trade unions, and business, which had
operated since 1981, broke up in 1985 and
Bouterse turned to the traditional parties
that had operated before the 1980 coup: the
NPS, the left-wing Indian VHP and the
Indonesian KTPI. The ban on political
activity was lifted and leaders of the three
main parties were invited to take seats on
the Supreme Council, with Wym Udenhout as
prime minister. The Nov 1987 election was won
by the three-party FDD and Rameswak Shankar
was elected president of the National
Assembly. In Mar 1989 a new constitution was
approved prior to an election in Nov.